classes/hirondelle/web4j/ui/translate/Translation.java
changeset 0 3060119b1292
--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/classes/hirondelle/web4j/ui/translate/Translation.java	Wed Dec 04 17:00:31 2013 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,294 @@
+package hirondelle.web4j.ui.translate;
+
+import java.util.*;
+import hirondelle.web4j.model.ModelCtorException;
+import hirondelle.web4j.model.ModelUtil;
+import hirondelle.web4j.model.Id;
+import hirondelle.web4j.model.Check;
+import hirondelle.web4j.security.SafeText;
+
+/**
+ Model Object for a translation.
+ 
+ <P>This class is provided as a convenience. Implementations of {@link Translator} are not required to 
+ use this class.
+ 
+ <P>As one of its {@link hirondelle.web4j.StartupTasks}, a typical implementation of 
+ {@link Translator} may fetch a {@code List<Translation>} from some source 
+ (usually a database, perhaps some properties files), and keep a cache in memory.
+ 
+ <P><a name="MapStructure"></a>
+ For looking up translations, the following nested {@link Map} structure is useful : 
+ <PRE>
+   Map[BaseText, Map[Locale, Translation]]
+ </PRE>
+ Here, <tt>BaseText</tt> and <tt>Translation</tt> are ordinary <em>unescaped</em> 
+ Strings, not {@link SafeText}. This is because the various translation tags in this 
+ package always <em>first</em> perform translation using ordinary unescaped Strings, and 
+ <em>then</em> perform any necessary escaping on the result of the translation.
+ 
+ <P>(See {@link Translator} for definition of 'base text'.)
+ 
+ <P>The {@link #asNestedMap(Collection)} method will modify a {@code List<Translation>} into just such a 
+ structure. As well, {@link #lookUp(String, Locale, Map)} provides a simple <em>default</em> method for 
+ performing the typical lookup with such a structure, given base text and target locale.
+
+ <h3>Usually String, but sometimes SafeText</h3>
+ The following style will remain consistent, and will not escape special characters twice :
+<ul>
+ <li>unescaped : translations stored in the database. 
+ <li>escaped : Translation objects (since they use {@link SafeText}). This allows end users 
+ to edit such objects just like any other data, with no danger of scripts executing in their browser.  
+ <li>unescaped : in-memory data, extracted from N <tt>Translation</tt> objects 
+ using {@link SafeText#getRawString()}. This in-memory data implements a  
+ <tt>Translator</tt>. Its data is not rendered <em>directly</em>
+ in a JSP, so it can remain as String.
+ <li>escaped : the various translation tags always perform the needed escaping on the raw String. 
+</ul> 
+
+ The translation text usually remains as a String, yet {@link SafeText} is available  
+ when working with the data directly in a web page, in a form or listing.
+*/
+public final class Translation implements Comparable<Translation> {
+  
+  /**
+   Constructor with no explicit foreign keys.
+   
+   @param aBaseText item to be translated (required). See {@link Translator} for definition of 'base text'. 
+   @param aLocale target locale for the translation (required) 
+   @param aTranslation translation of the base text into the target locale (required)
+  */
+  public Translation(SafeText aBaseText, Locale aLocale, SafeText aTranslation) throws ModelCtorException {
+    fBaseText = aBaseText;
+    fLocale = aLocale;
+    fTranslation = aTranslation;
+    validateState();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   Constructor with explict foreign keys.
+   
+   <P>This constructor allows carrying the foreign keys directly, instead of performing lookup later on. 
+   (If the database does not support subselects, then use of this constructor will likely reduce 
+   trivial lookup operations.)
+    
+   @param aBaseText item to be translated (required). See {@link Translator} for definition of 'base text'. 
+   @param aLocale target locale for the translation (required) 
+   @param aTranslation translation of the base text into the target locale (required)
+   @param aBaseTextId foreign key representing a <tt>BaseText</tt> item, <tt>1..50</tt> characters (optional)
+   @param aLocaleId foreign key representing a <tt>Locale</tt>, <tt>1..50</tt> characters (optional)
+  */
+  public Translation(SafeText aBaseText, Locale aLocale, SafeText aTranslation, Id aBaseTextId, Id aLocaleId) throws ModelCtorException {
+    fBaseText = aBaseText;
+    fLocale = aLocale;
+    fTranslation = aTranslation;
+    fBaseTextId = aBaseTextId;
+    fLocaleId = aLocaleId;
+    validateState();
+  }
+  
+  /** Return the base text passed to the constructor.  */
+  public SafeText getBaseText() {
+    return fBaseText;
+  }
+
+  /** Return the locale passed to the constructor.  */
+  public Locale getLocale() {
+    return fLocale;
+  }
+
+  /** Return the localized translation passed to the constructor.  */
+  public SafeText getTranslation() {
+    return fTranslation;
+  }
+  
+  /** Return the base text id passed to the constructor.  */
+  public Id getBaseTextId(){
+    return fBaseTextId;
+  }
+  
+  /** Return the locale id passed to the constructor.  */
+  public Id getLocaleId(){
+    return fLocaleId;
+  }
+  
+  /**
+   Return a {@link Map} having a <a href="#MapStructure">structure</a> 
+   typically needed for looking up translations.
+   
+   <P>The caller will use the returned {@link Map} to look up first using <tt>BaseText</tt>, 
+   and then using <tt>Locale</tt>. See {@link #lookUp(String, Locale, Map)}.
+   
+   @param aTranslations {@link Collection} of {@link Translation} objects.
+   @return {@link Map} of a <a href="#MapStructure">structure suitable for looking up translations</a>.
+  */
+  public static Map<String, Map<String, String>> asNestedMap(Collection<Translation> aTranslations){
+     Map<String, Map<String, String>> result = new LinkedHashMap<String, Map<String, String>>();
+     String currentBaseText = null;
+     Map<String, String> currentTranslations = null;
+     for (Translation trans: aTranslations){
+       if ( trans.getBaseText().getRawString().equals(currentBaseText) ){
+         currentTranslations.put(trans.getLocale().toString(), trans.getTranslation().getRawString());
+       }
+       else {
+         //finish old
+         if (currentBaseText != null) {
+           result.put(currentBaseText, currentTranslations);
+         }
+         //start new
+         currentBaseText = trans.getBaseText().getRawString();
+         currentTranslations = new LinkedHashMap<String, String>();
+         currentTranslations.put(trans.getLocale().toString(), trans.getTranslation().getRawString());
+       }
+     }
+     //ensure last one is added
+     if(currentBaseText != null && currentTranslations != null){
+       result.put(currentBaseText, currentTranslations);
+     }
+     return result;
+  }
+  
+  /**
+   Look up a translation using a simple policy.
+   
+   <P>If <tt>aBaseText</tt> is not known, or if there is no <em>explicit</em> translation for 
+   the exact {@link Locale}, then return <tt>aBaseText</tt> as is, without translation or 
+   alteration.
+   
+   <P>The policy used here is simple. It may not be desirable for some applications.
+   In particular, if there is a need to implement a "best match" to <tt>aLocale</tt> 
+   (after the style of {@link ResourceBundle}), then this method cannot be used. 
+    
+   @param aBaseText text to be translated. See {@link Translator} for a definition of 'base text'.
+   @param aLocale whose <tt>toString</tt> result will be used to find the localized 
+   translation of <tt>aBaseText</tt>.
+   @param aTranslations has the <a href="#MapStructure">structure suitable for look up</a>.
+   @return {@link LookupResult} carrying the text of the successful translation, or, in the case of a failed lookup, information
+   about the nature of the failure.
+  */
+  public static LookupResult lookUp(String aBaseText, Locale aLocale, Map<String, Map<String, String>> aTranslations) {
+    LookupResult result = null;
+    Map<String, String> allTranslations = aTranslations.get(aBaseText);
+    if ( allTranslations == null ) {
+      result = LookupResult.UNKNOWN_BASE_TEXT;
+    }
+    else {
+      String translation = allTranslations.get(aLocale.toString());
+      result = (translation != null) ? new LookupResult(translation): LookupResult.UNKNOWN_LOCALE; 
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+  
+  /** 
+   The result of {@link Translation#lookUp(String, Locale, Map)}.
+   <P>Encapsulates both the species of success/fail and the actual 
+   text of the translation, if any.
+   
+  <P>Example of a typical use case :
+  <PRE>
+    String text = null;
+    LookupResult lookup = Translation.lookUp(aBaseText, aLocale, fTranslations);
+    if( lookup.hasSucceeded() ){ 
+      text = lookup.getText();
+    }
+    else {
+      text = aBaseText;
+      if(LookupResult.UNKNOWN_BASE_TEXT == lookup){
+        addToListOfUnknowns(aBaseText);
+      }
+      else if (LookupResult.UNKNOWN_LOCALE == lookup){
+        //do nothing in this implementation
+      }
+    }
+  </PRE>
+  */
+  public static final class LookupResult {
+    /** <tt>BaseText</tt> is unknown. */
+    public static final LookupResult UNKNOWN_BASE_TEXT = new LookupResult(); 
+    /** <tt>BaseText</tt> is known, but no translation exists for the specified <tt>Locale</tt>*/
+    public static final LookupResult UNKNOWN_LOCALE = new LookupResult();
+    /** Returns <tt>true</tt> only if a specific translation exists for <tt>BaseText</tt> and <tt>Locale</tt>.  */
+    public boolean hasSucceeded(){ return fTranslationText != null; }
+    /**
+     Return the text of the successful translation.  
+     Returns <tt>null</tt> only if {@link #hasSucceeded()} is <tt>false</tt>. 
+    */
+    public String getText(){ return fTranslationText; }
+    LookupResult(String aTranslation){ 
+      fTranslationText = aTranslation; 
+    }
+    private final String fTranslationText;
+    private LookupResult(){  
+      fTranslationText = null;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Intended for debugging only. */
+  @Override public String toString(){
+    return ModelUtil.toStringFor(this);
+  }
+
+  public int compareTo(Translation aThat) {
+    final int EQUAL = 0;
+    if ( this == aThat ) return EQUAL;
+    
+    int comparison = this.fBaseText.compareTo(aThat.fBaseText);
+    if ( comparison != EQUAL ) return comparison;
+    
+    comparison = this.fLocale.toString().compareTo(aThat.fLocale.toString());
+    if ( comparison != EQUAL ) return comparison;    
+    
+    comparison = this.fTranslation.compareTo(aThat.fTranslation);
+    if ( comparison != EQUAL ) return comparison;    
+    
+    return EQUAL;
+  }
+  
+  @Override public boolean equals(Object aThat){
+    Boolean result = ModelUtil.quickEquals(this, aThat);
+    if ( result == null ) {
+      Translation that = (Translation)aThat;
+      result = ModelUtil.equalsFor(this.getSignificantFields(), that.getSignificantFields());
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+  
+  @Override public int hashCode() {
+    if ( fHashCode == 0 ){
+      fHashCode = ModelUtil.hashCodeFor(getSignificantFields());
+    }
+    return fHashCode;
+  }
+  
+  // PRIVATE //
+  private final SafeText fBaseText;
+  private final Locale fLocale;
+  private final SafeText fTranslation;
+  private Id fLocaleId; 
+  private Id fBaseTextId;
+  private int fHashCode;
+  
+  private void validateState() throws ModelCtorException {
+    ModelCtorException ex = new ModelCtorException();
+    if( ! Check.required(fBaseText) ) {
+      ex.add("Base Text must have content.");      
+    }
+    if( ! Check.required(fLocale) ) {
+      ex.add("Locale must have content.");      
+    }
+    if( ! Check.required(fTranslation) ) {
+      ex.add("Translation must have content.");
+    }
+    if( ! Check.optional(fLocaleId, Check.min(1), Check.max(50)) ){
+      ex.add("LocaleId optional, 1..50 characters.");
+    }
+    if( ! Check.optional(fBaseTextId, Check.min(1), Check.max(50)) ){
+      ex.add("BaseTextId optional, 1..50 characters.");
+    }
+    if( ex.isNotEmpty() )  throw ex;
+  }
+  
+  private Object[] getSignificantFields(){
+    return new Object[] {fBaseText, fLocale, fTranslation};
+  }
+}